ABSTRACT
We wanted to determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity among school going children between ages of 6 and 16 yrs. in public schools of urban and rural areas of Kanpur city and study its pattern. METHODSA cross-sectional prospective study was done among a total of 2105 school going children (rural - 956 and urban -1149), 6-16 years of age in rural and urban areas of Kanpur city. A comprehensive ocular examination was done with the help of torch light, slit lamp and +90 D and direct ophthalmoscope to examine the anterior & posterior segment pathologies. RESULTSOcular morbidity in the rural population was 817 (no. of diagnosed cases) of which 43.30 % were in rural areas of which 63.52 % were males. 35.07 % were in urban areas of which 57.81 % were males. The most common type of ocular morbidity in rural population was refractive error (15.9 %), followed by vitamin A deficiency (12.86 %), blepharitis (5.43 %), squint (3.66 %), amblyopia (2.87 %), stye (2.40 %), ptosis (1.67%), colour blindness (1.15 %), and posterior segment pathologies (0.19 %).in urban areas, the most common cause was refractive error (26.19 %), followed by squint (2.78 %), amblyopia (1.91 %), vitamin A deficiency (1.91 %), blepharitis (1.83 %), colour blindness (1.21 %), stye (0.70 %), ptosis (0.35 %) and posterior segment pathologies (0.08 %). The difference was statistically extremely significant with p = 0.0001. CONCLUSIONSRefractive error was the most common ocular morbidity in both urban and rural areas, but Vitamin A deficiency and blepharitis were more common in rural areas. In rural areas malnutrition seems to be the major cause of ocular morbidity while more use of gadgets and less outdoor activity seems to play vital role in urban areas.
ABSTRACT
The risk of endophthalmitis is always a concern when an intraocular procedure is performed. Intravitreal injection is a frequently used method for therapeutic management of many diseases, affecting the posterior segment of the eye. Hence, it is important to assess the risk of complications, especially endophthalmitis. Most studies conducted concentrate on risk assessment from single use from single drug vial. The present article reports the occurrence of cluster endophthalmitis following multiple intravitreal bevacizumab injections from a single vial. Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab was administered to eight eyes of eight patients. Administered dose was prepared from single 4-ml vial of bevacizumab and was injected in the eye, after patient preparation and under aseptic conditions. The procedure was repeated for the remaining patients, thereby imparting multiple pricks in the same vial. Four of the eight patients reported to the hospital on the 3rd day after injection with complaints of pain, watering, and diminution of vision. Two patients reported the following day with similar complaints. Two patients who did not report by the 4th day were contacted and recalled for an examination. All the patients were thoroughly examined using slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Six out of eight were clinically diagnosed to have endophthalmitis and were administered intravitreal antibiotics. The present report highlights possibility of microbial contamination of the drug vial or during compounding process. However, from the present incident, we are encouraged to stay vigilant and wary of contamination.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day in developing countries especially in India. It is a main treatable cause of morbidity in eye. Diabetic cataract, neovascular glaucoma and retinopathy are important ocular complications due to diabetes mellitus. The objective was to study the variations in ocular complications in patients of diabetes mellitus. Methods: A prospective study from July 2012 to June 2013 was conducted in RMCH and RC, Kanpur & GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. One hundred one selected diabetic patients who are having abnormal slit lamp and fundus examination were included in this study. Results: In our study it was found that more the duration of diabetes, greater the severity of diabetes. Well controlled diabetics have lesser complications in eyes due to diabetes. Conclusion: Patient’s age, sex, duration and control of diabetes play important role in development and severity of complications in eye due to diabetes mellitus.